Descrição do seguimento farmacoterapêutico de pacientes com hanseníase em município hiperendêmico do estado de Mato Grosso / Pharmacotherapy follow-up of patients with leprosy in a hyperendemic city in the state of Mato Grosso

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença crônica, infectocontagiosa e considerada um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o seguimento farmacoterapêutico de pacientes com diagnóstico de hanseníase. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com pacientes com hanseníase multibacilar do município de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso. O seguimento farmacoterapêutico foi realizado a partir de uma versão adaptada do Método Dáder. Para análise de dados aplicou-se a estatística descritiva e o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson.Resultados: Uma frequência de 95,6% dos participantes apresentou problemas relacionados aos medicamentos, 59,1% apresentaram 3 ou mais problemas, os mais frequentes foram administração errada do medicamento e interação medicamento/nutriente. A inefetividade não quantitativa foi o resultado negativo associado ao medicamento mais evidenciado. Os indivíduos acompanhados em um serviço especializado apresentaram menor número de problemas relacionados aos medicamentos quando comparados àqueles da Estratégia Saúde da Família (p = 0,027).Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes acompanhados apresentou problemas relacionados ao uso de medicamentos. O método Dáder possibilitou realizar o seguimento farmacoterapêutico de indivíduos com hanseníase.

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic, infectious, and contagious disease considered a public health problem in Brazil. The objective of this study was to describe the pharmacotherapy follow-up of patients diagnosed with leprosy. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of patients with multibacillary leprosy in the city of Rondonópolis, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Pharmacotherapy follow-up was conducted based on an adapted version of the Dáder method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Drug-related problems (DRP) were reported in 95.6% of patients, among whom 59.1% had 3 or more problems DRPs. The most common DRPs were incorrect drug administration and drug-nutrient interaction. Nonquantitative ineffectiveness was the most common drug-related negative outcome. Patients monitored in a leprosy treatment center had fewer DRPs than those monitored by a Family Health Strategy team (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Most patients had DRPs. The Dáder method allowed pharmacotherapy follow-up of patients with leprosy.

Efectos colaterales de antibacilares en pacientes con enfermedad de Hansen / No disponible

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomendó el uso de la poliquimioterapia (PQT) desde 1981, y desde 1998 esta pauta de tratamiento fue introducida en Paraguay. Desde ese entonces y hasta la actualidad el esquema Multibacilar (MB) comprende tres drogas: rifampicina, clofazimina y dapsona, y, el esquema Paucibacilar (PB), dos drogas: rifampicina y dapsona. Todas ellas relacionadas en mayor o menor medida a efectos colaterales. A pesar de ello, hay pocos estudios a nivel mundial, y ningún estudio en el Paraguay. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de corte transversal con componente analítico, llevado a cabo en la Cátedra de Dermatología del Hospital de Clínicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción, en San Lorenzo, Paraguay. En el periodo de enero de 2013 a octubre de 2017. Resultados: Fueron incluidos en el estudio 58 pacientes con enfermedad de Hansen, de los cuales 45 (78%) presentaron al menos un efecto colateral a la PQT, 3 pacientes presentaron más de un efecto colateral. De los 45, 25 (56%) fueron del sexo masculino y 20 (44%) del sexo femenino. En cuanto a la distribución por rango de edad: Dos (4%) en menores de 18 años, 8 (18%) de 19 a 30 años, 27 (18%) de 31 a 59 años y 8 (18%) 60 y más años. Seis (3%) pacientes de procedencia rural y 39 (87%) de procedencia urbana. Cuarenta y siete (98%) casos de efectos colaterales hematológicos (Anemia: 45; leucopenia: 1 y trombocitopenia: 1) y 1 (2%) caso de efecto colateral gastrointestinal (hepatitis). La conducta en casos de anemia: suplementación con hierro y ácido fólico: 40, suspensión de dapsona: 10 y ninguna conducta: 6 suspensión de la dapsona en 1 caso de leucopenia, suspensión de la dapsona en 1 caso de trombocitopenia y suspensión de la rifampicina en 1 caso de hepatitis. En 26 (58%) pacientes los efectos colaterales se presentaron al mes del inicio de la PQT, en 15 (33%) pacientes entre 2 y 5 meses del inicio y en 4 (9%) pacientes a los 6 y más meses del inicio. En 14 (31%) de los pacientes con efectos colaterales existía comorbilidad y en 31 (69%) casos, eran pacientes sanos. De los 45 pacientes, 41 (91%) estaban en tratamiento MB, 4 (9%) en tratamiento PB. Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio presentaron efectos colaterales. Los hombres fueron los más afectados, el rango etario en el cual se presentaron con mayor frecuencia fue entre los 31 y 59 años. La mayoría procedían del medio urbano. Los efectos colaterales más frecuentes fueron los hematológicos y, de entre ellos, la anemia. Ante tal situación la medida más frecuentemente adoptada fue la suplementación con hierro y ácido fólico. En la mayoría de los casos los efectos colaterales aparecieron en el primer mes de recibir la medicación. Aquellos pacientes que recibieron PQT MB presentaron la mayor frecuencia de efectos colaterales

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of multidrug (MDT) since 1981, and this régimen was introduced in Paraguay in 1998. The MDT administrate three drugs: rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone to multibacillary patients (MB) and only two: rifampicina and dapsone to paucibacillary patients (PB). All the drugs have some adverse effects. But very few statistics have been carried out in the world on this matter and none at all in Paraguay. Methods: The work is a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out at Catedra de Dermatología del Hospital de Clínicas-Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay between January 2013 and October 2017. Results: Fifty eight leprosy patients were registered in the study and 45 (78%) presented at least one adverse effect to the MDT and 3 patients presented more tan one. 25/45 were men and 20 (44%) women. The age distributions were: Two (4%) less than 18 years old, 8 (18%) between 19-30 years old, 27(18%) 31-59 years old and 8 (18%) 60 and older. Six (3%) lived in rural setting and 39 (87%) urban. Forty seven (98%) presented adverse hematological effects (anemia: 45, leucopenia: 1 and thrombocytopenia:1) and 1 (2%) presented a gastrointestinal effect. Forty patients with anemia received iron and folic acid supplements and 6 cases with no modifications. There was 1 case leucopenia, 1 thrombocytopenia, and 1 hepatitis due to rifampicine. In 26 patients (58%) adverse effects were detected during first month of MDT, in 15 (33%) between 2-5 of treatment and in 4 (9%) patients after 6 or more months of treatment. Fourteen (31%) patients had comorbility and 31 (69%) were healthy patients. Forty one (91%) patients were receiving MB MDT and 4 (9%) PB MDT. Conclusions: The mayority of the patients in the study presented adverse effects. Men were the most affected and the mayority were in the 31-59 years age group and from urban settings. Most of the effects were hematological and among them, anemia the most frequent. These cases were supplemented with iron and folic acid. Most adverse effects appeared during the first month of treatment and MB MDT group was the most affected